/* =========================================================================
   Emerald Publishing Theme for OJS 3.3
   Masthead band + accents: teal #008170 · Links/buttons: teal #007a63
   Font: Libre Franklin. All rules scoped under body.emerald.
   Content pages reuse TechNova's structure; its --tech-* tokens are re-mapped
   here to the Emerald teal palette.
   (Legacy --em-orange / --em-blue token names are kept but hold teal values.)
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---------- Design tokens ---------- */
:root {
	--em-orange: #008170;        /* brand band: masthead, editors band, accents */
	--em-orange-rgb: 0, 129, 112;
	--em-orange-dark: #006b5c;
	--em-blue: #007a63;          /* links + primary buttons */
	--em-blue-rgb: 0, 122, 99;
	--em-blue-dark: #00594a;
	--em-navy: #013a30;          /* dark footer bottom bar */
	--em-ink: #2b2b2b;
	--em-body: #43494a;
	--em-muted: #6b6f6d;
	--em-peach: #e7f2ef;         /* soft teal tint (calls/CTA backgrounds) */
	--em-grey: #f4f6f5;
	--em-border: #dde3e1;
	--em-radius: 4px;
	--em-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0, 80, 68, .08);
	--em-font: 'Libre Franklin', system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
}

/* Re-map TechNova structural tokens to the Emerald teal palette */
body.emerald {
	--tech-font: var(--em-font);
	--tech-font-mono: var(--em-font);
	--tech-primary: #007a63;
	--tech-primary-hover: #00594a;
	--tech-primary-light: #3aa791;
	--tech-primary-rgb: 0, 122, 99;
	--tech-accent: #008170;
	--tech-accent-rgb: 0, 129, 112;
	--tech-cyan: #007a63;
	--tech-navy-dark: #013a30;
	--tech-navy-mid: #024a3c;
	--tech-navy-surface: #035b49;
	--tech-navy-card: #046b57;
	--tech-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #008170 0%, #013a30 130%);
	--tech-gradient-dark: linear-gradient(135deg, #013a30 0%, #00594a 100%);
	--tech-gradient-hero: linear-gradient(135deg, #013a30 0%, #00594a 55%, #008170 130%);
	--tech-subtle: #e7f2ef;
	--tech-subtle-blue: #e7f2ef;
	--tech-bg: #ffffff;
	--tech-gray-900: #2b2b2b;
	--tech-gray-800: #33332b;
	--tech-gray-700: #43494a;
	--tech-gray-600: #6b6f6d;
	--tech-radius-sm: 4px;
	--tech-radius: 4px;
	--tech-radius-lg: 6px;
	--tech-radius-xl: 10px;
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
body.emerald { font-family: var(--em-font); color: var(--em-body); background: #fff; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; }
.emerald h1, .emerald h2, .emerald h3, .emerald h4, .emerald h5, .emerald h6,
.emerald .tech-col-title, .emerald .tech-article-title { font-family: var(--em-font); color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; }
body.emerald a { color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }
body.emerald a:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark); text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content a { text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.em-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
.emerald .em-h2 { font-size: 30px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1.2rem; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
@media (max-width: 767px) { .emerald .em-h2 { font-size: 24px; } }

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.emerald .em-btn-outline {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-blue);
	color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; padding: .6rem 1.3rem; border-radius: var(--em-radius);
	transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease; text-decoration: none !important;
}
.emerald .em-btn-outline:hover { background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-btn-white {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .5rem; background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff !important;
	font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; padding: .6rem 1.3rem; border-radius: var(--em-radius); text-decoration: none !important; min-width: 44px;
}
.emerald .em-btn-white:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark); color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-btn-link { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-btn-link:hover { text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-btn-link-lg { font-size: 1.02rem; margin-top: .5rem; }

/* ---------- Utility strip (top) ---------- */
.emerald .em-utility { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); font-size: .86rem; padding: .5rem 0; }
.emerald .em-utility-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-utility-brand { color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 700; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; }
.emerald .em-utility-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-utility-right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.4rem; }
.emerald .em-utility-right a { color: var(--em-ink); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; }
.emerald .em-utility-right a:hover { color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }

/* ---------- Orange masthead ---------- */
.emerald .em-masthead { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; padding: 2rem 0; }
.emerald .em-masthead-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.8rem; }
.emerald .em-masthead-cover { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.emerald .em-masthead-cover img { width: 96px; height: auto; max-height: 128px; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.22); background: #fff; }
.emerald .em-cover-fallback { width: 96px; height: 128px; border-radius: 3px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.15); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: #fff; font-size: 2.4rem; }
.emerald .em-cover-fallback:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-masthead-id { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
.emerald .em-journal-title { margin: 0; font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.emerald .em-journal-title a { color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-journal-title a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-journal-sub { margin: .5rem 0 0; font-size: 1rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.92); }
.emerald .em-masthead-metrics { flex: 0 0 auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; }
.emerald .em-metric { padding: 0 1.6rem; text-align: left; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4); }
.emerald .em-metric:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.emerald .em-metric-num { display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 300; color: #fff; line-height: 1.1; }
.emerald .em-metric-label { display: block; font-size: .82rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.92); margin-top: .2rem; }
@media (max-width: 991px) {
	.emerald .em-masthead-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; }
	.emerald .em-journal-title { font-size: 1.9rem; }
	.emerald .em-masthead-metrics { width: 100%; margin-top: .5rem; }
	.emerald .em-metric:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
}

/* ---------- White utility nav ---------- */
.emerald .em-nav { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1030; transition: box-shadow .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-nav.is-stuck { box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(20,55,95,.10); }
.emerald .em-nav-inner { align-items: stretch; }
.emerald .em-nav-collapse { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-menu { gap: 0; align-items: stretch; margin: 0; }
.emerald .em-menu > li { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: stretch; }
.emerald .em-menu > li > a { display: flex; align-items: center; padding: .95rem 1rem; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; color: var(--em-ink); border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; }
.emerald .em-menu > li > a:hover, .emerald .em-menu > li.current > a { color: var(--em-blue); border-bottom-color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; background: #fbfbf8; }
.emerald .em-menu li ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: .4rem; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; min-width: 230px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: var(--em-shadow); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(8px); transition: all .18s ease; z-index: 100; }
.emerald .em-menu li:hover > ul { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0); }
.emerald .em-menu li ul li { display: block; }
.emerald .em-menu li ul li a { display: block; padding: .5rem .7rem; border-radius: 4px; color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 400; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-menu li ul li a:hover { background: rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .07); color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }
@media (min-width: 992px) { .emerald .em-menu li ul { display: block; } }

/* Search box */
.emerald .em-search { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: var(--em-radius); overflow: hidden; height: 40px; max-width: 320px; flex: 1 1 220px; }
.emerald .em-search input { border: 0; outline: none; padding: 0 .8rem; font-size: .9rem; flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; color: var(--em-ink); background: #fff; }
.emerald .em-search button { border: 0; background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff; width: 44px; height: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.emerald .em-search button:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark); }

/* nav CTA */
.emerald .em-nav-cta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
	.emerald .em-nav-collapse { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: .75rem; padding: 1rem 0; }
	.emerald .em-menu { flex-direction: column; }
	.emerald .em-menu > li > a { border-bottom: 0; padding: .6rem .2rem; }
	.emerald .em-menu li ul { position: static; opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; box-shadow: none; border: 0; padding-left: 1rem; }
	.emerald .em-search { max-width: none; margin-left: 0; }
	.emerald .em-nav-cta { flex-wrap: wrap; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Content structure (reused pages: about/issue/article/archive)
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .pkp_structure_content { width: 100% !important; max-width: none !important; margin: 0 auto !important; padding: 0 !important; float: none !important; display: block !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page, .emerald .pkp_structure_main > .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) { display: flex !important; gap: 45px; align-items: flex-start; max-width: 1200px !important; margin: 0 auto !important; padding: 0 24px !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; width: auto !important; padding: 2.5rem 0; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main > .page,
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main > .container { max-width: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding-left: 0 !important; padding-right: 0 !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_sidebar { flex: 0 0 320px; width: 320px; float: none !important; padding: 2.5rem 0; }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
	.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) { flex-wrap: wrap; }
	.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_sidebar { flex-basis: 100%; width: 100%; padding-top: 0; }
}

/* Content typography & elements */
.emerald .pkp_structure_main { font-family: var(--em-font); color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page > h1, .emerald .pkp_structure_main > .container > h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .pkp_button, .emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="submit"],
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .obj_galley_link { background: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 0 !important; color: #fff !important; font-weight: 500; border-radius: var(--em-radius) !important; padding: .55rem 1.1rem !important; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .pkp_button:hover, .emerald .pkp_structure_main .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="text"], .emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="email"],
.emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="password"], .emerald .pkp_structure_main select, .emerald .pkp_structure_main textarea {
	border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: var(--em-radius); padding: .55rem .85rem; font-family: var(--em-font); background: #fff; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main input:focus, .emerald .pkp_structure_main select:focus, .emerald .pkp_structure_main textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--em-blue); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .14); }
.emerald .cmp_pagination { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: 2rem; }
.emerald .cmp_pagination a, .emerald .cmp_pagination .current { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 40px; height: 40px; padding: 0 .6rem; border-radius: var(--em-radius); border: 1px solid var(--em-border); color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .cmp_pagination a:hover { background: rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .07); border-color: var(--em-blue); color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .cmp_pagination .current { background: var(--em-blue); border-color: var(--em-blue); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Sidebar widgets ---------- */
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block { margin-bottom: 2.2rem; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block .title { font-family: var(--em-font); font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); position: relative; padding-bottom: .6rem; margin: 0 0 1.1rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--em-orange); }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block li { margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block a { color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 400; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_search { position: relative; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_search input[type="text"] { width: 100%; height: 48px; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: var(--em-radius); padding: 6px 52px 6px 14px; font-size: .95rem; background: #fff; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_search input[type="submit"], .emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_search button { position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 5px; height: 38px; width: 42px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--em-radius); background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff; font-size: 0; cursor: pointer; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_search button::before { content: "\F52A"; font-family: "bootstrap-icons"; font-size: 1.05rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   Homepage sections
   ========================================================================= */
/* About */
.emerald .em-about { padding: 3rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-about-body { color: var(--em-body); line-height: 1.75; }
.emerald .em-about-body p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-panel { background: var(--em-grey); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.8rem; }
.emerald .em-panel-title { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 1.2rem; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-opt { padding: 1rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-opt:first-of-type { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.emerald .em-opt h4 { font-size: 1.02rem; margin: 0 0 .35rem; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-opt p { font-size: .92rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: 0 0 .5rem; }

/* Metric tiles */
.emerald .em-tiles { padding: 2.2rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-tiles-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; align-items: stretch; }
.emerald .em-tile { flex: 1 1 0; min-width: 140px; padding: .4rem 1.6rem; border-left: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-tile:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.emerald .em-tile-num { display: block; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); line-height: 1.1; }
.emerald .em-tile-cap { display: block; font-size: .85rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-top: .25rem; }
.emerald a.em-tile-link { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; color: var(--em-blue) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald a.em-tile-link span:first-child { font-size: 1.6rem; }
.emerald a.em-tile-link:hover .em-tile-cap { text-decoration: none; }
@media (max-width: 767px) { .emerald .em-tiles-grid { flex-direction: column; } .emerald .em-tile { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); padding: .8rem 0; } .emerald .em-tile:first-child { border-top: 0; } }

/* Editors band (orange) */
.emerald .em-editors { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; padding: 2.6rem 0; }
.emerald .em-editors-head { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-editors-head h2 { color: #fff !important; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.9rem; margin: 0; }
.emerald .em-editors-note { color: rgba(255,255,255,.95); margin: 1rem 0 0; max-width: 780px; }
.emerald .em-editors .em-btn-white { background: #fff; color: var(--em-orange) !important; }
.emerald .em-editors .em-btn-white:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.9); color: var(--em-orange-dark) !important; }

/* Articles */
.emerald .em-articles { padding: 3rem 0; }
.emerald .em-articles-head { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-tabs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); margin-top: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-tab { padding: .7rem 1.1rem; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; color: var(--em-body); border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-tab:hover { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-tab.is-active { color: var(--em-ink); border-bottom-color: var(--em-orange); }
.emerald .em-toc { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc .obj_issue_toc > .heading { display: none; }
.emerald .em-articles-foot { margin-top: 1.5rem; }

/* Calls for papers (peach) */
.emerald .em-calls { background: var(--em-peach); padding: 3rem 0; }
.emerald .em-call-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #cfe6e0; border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.6rem; height: 100%; }
.emerald .em-call-card h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-call-card p { font-size: .93rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: 0 0 .8rem; }

/* Blue CTA */
.emerald .em-cta { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
.emerald .em-cta-inner { background: #e7f2ef; border: 1px solid #cfe6e0; border-radius: 8px; padding: 2rem 2.5rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.2rem; }
.emerald .em-cta-text span { color: var(--em-body); font-size: .95rem; }
.emerald .em-cta-text h2 { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.7rem; margin: .3rem 0 0; }
.emerald .em-cta .em-btn-white { width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 50%; font-size: 1.3rem; }

/* Special issues */
.emerald .em-special { padding: 3rem 0 4rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-special-card { display: block; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.8rem; height: 100%; transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-special-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--em-shadow); transform: translateY(-3px); }
.emerald .em-special-ico { width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1.5rem; background: rgba(var(--em-orange-rgb), .12); color: var(--em-orange); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-special-card h4 { font-size: 1.15rem; margin: 0 0 .4rem; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-special-card p { font-size: .92rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: 0; }

/* =========================================================================
   Footer
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-footer { color: var(--em-body); background: #fff; border-top: 3px solid var(--em-orange); }
.emerald .em-footer-cols { padding: 3rem 0 2rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-title { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-foot-links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.emerald .em-foot-links li { margin-bottom: .55rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-links a { color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .93rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-contact { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 2.5rem; padding-top: 1.6rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-foot-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .7rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand img { height: 40px; width: auto; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand span { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-foot-social { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; gap: .8rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-social a { width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 8px; background: var(--em-grey); color: var(--em-ink); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transition: all .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-foot-social a:hover { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-foot-custom { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-top: 1.2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); font-size: .88rem; color: var(--em-muted); }
.emerald .em-footer-bar { background: var(--em-navy); color: #cdd7e3; padding: 1.1rem 0; }
.emerald .em-footer-bar-inner { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: .8rem; font-size: .88rem; }
.emerald .em-footer-bar-inner strong { color: #fff; }
.emerald .em-footer-bar-links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; gap: 1.4rem; }
.emerald .em-footer-bar-links a { color: #cdd7e3; }
.emerald .em-footer-bar-links a:hover { color: #fff; }
@media (max-width: 767px) { .emerald .em-footer-bar-inner { justify-content: center; text-align: center; } }

/* Back to top */
.emerald .em-to-top { position: fixed; right: 22px; bottom: 22px; width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 8px; background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1.1rem; box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .35); z-index: 1040; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(12px); transition: all .25s ease; }
.emerald .em-to-top.is-visible { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0); }
.emerald .em-to-top:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* =========================================================================
   Article single view — full width, no card frame (matches SD reading view)
   ========================================================================= */
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content,
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; }
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main { border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main > .page.page_article,
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main > .container.page {
	max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important;
	padding-left: 40px !important; padding-right: 40px !important;
	border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; border-radius: 0 !important; background: transparent !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px){
	body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main > .container,
	body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main > .page { padding-left: 15px !important; padding-right: 15px !important; }
}

/* Static/about pages: light framed card */
body.emerald .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home),
body.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home) {
	background: #fff !important;
	border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important;
	border-top: 3px solid var(--em-orange) !important;
	border-radius: 8px !important;
	box-shadow: var(--em-shadow) !important;
	padding: 2rem 2.5rem !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px){
	body.emerald .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home) { padding: 1.25rem !important; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Journal custom sidebar menu (#a93317 buttons) → uniform blue buttons
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"], .emerald .em-sidebar-blocks [style*="A93317"],
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"], .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="A93317"],
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar [style*="a93317"] {
	display: block !important; width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;
	padding: 12px 15px !important; margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important; text-align: left !important;
	border: 0 !important; border-radius: var(--em-radius) !important;
	background: var(--em-blue) !important; background-color: var(--em-blue) !important; background-image: none !important;
	color: #fff !important; font-family: var(--em-font) !important; font-weight: 500 !important; font-size: .9rem !important; line-height: 1.3 !important;
	box-shadow: none !important; text-decoration: none !important;
}
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"]:hover,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"]:hover,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar [style*="a93317"]:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; background-color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] a, .emerald .em-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] strong,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] a, .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] strong { color: #fff !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald [style*="d25458"] { background: var(--em-orange) !important; background-color: var(--em-orange) !important; color: #fff !important; }
/* neutralise technova ul/li so buttons are identical everywhere; gap from button margin only */
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks ul, .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks ul, .emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar ul { display: block !important; gap: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; list-style: none !important; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks ul li, .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks ul li, .emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar ul li,
.emerald .block_custom li, .emerald .block_custom li.show {
	border: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important; border-radius: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important;
	padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; background: transparent !important; height: auto !important; min-height: 0 !important; overflow: visible !important; transform: none !important;
}
.emerald .block_custom, .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom, .emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_custom { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
.emerald .block_custom p { margin: 0 !important; }
/* Make a Submission — orange CTA, same shape */
.emerald .block_make_submission a {
	display: block !important; width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;
	padding: 12px 15px !important; margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important; text-align: center !important;
	border: 0 !important; border-radius: var(--em-radius) !important;
	font-family: var(--em-font) !important; font-weight: 600 !important; font-size: .9rem !important;
	background: var(--em-orange) !important; color: #fff !important; text-decoration: none !important;
}
.emerald .block_make_submission a:hover { background: var(--em-orange-dark) !important; color: #fff !important; }
/* Uniform sidebar-menu spacing on every journal: block wrappers carry NO
   margin; the 8px gap comes only from each button's own margin, so the
   Make-a-Submission button, the custom-menu buttons, and the gaps between
   blocks are all identical (8px) — no large gap around Make a Submission. */
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_make_submission,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .block_make_submission,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_make_submission,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_custom,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_custom { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_make_submission .content,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .block_make_submission .content,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_make_submission .content { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks > .pkp_block:first-child,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks > .pkp_block:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important; }
/* Remove stray vertical divider line in the sidebar (seen under the web-feed
   "Current Issue" block) — kill left/right borders on the column + its content,
   keeping horizontal title underlines intact. */
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar *,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar *::before,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar *::after,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks *,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks *::before,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks *::after { border-left: 0 !important; border-right: 0 !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_web_feed,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_web_feed,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_web_feed *,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks .block_web_feed * { border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
/* Kill any pseudo-element vertical rule/background on the structural sidebar +
   content containers (exposed on journals whose sidebar is shorter than the
   main column, e.g. jinav). */
.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar::before,
.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar::after,
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar)::before,
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar)::after,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar::before,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar::after,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks::before,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks::after {
	content: none !important; display: none !important; background: none !important; border: 0 !important;
}
.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar,
.emerald .em-sidebar-blocks { background-image: none !important; }

/* =========================================================================
   CONTENT PAGES — ScienceDirect refinement + colour audit
   Flatten TechNova's heavy blue-bordered / gradient / yellow "techy" cards
   into ScienceDirect's clean, minimal, white-on-light look. Every rule beats
   its technova.css counterpart via the extra .emerald scope + !important.
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---- Article detail box: open, borderless, generous whitespace ---- */
.emerald .tech-article-detail-box {
	background: #fff !important; border: 0 !important; border-radius: 0 !important;
	box-shadow: none !important; padding: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;
}
.emerald .tech-detail-header-title { font-weight: 400 !important; font-size: 2rem !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important; letter-spacing: -.01em !important; }
@media (max-width: 767.98px) { .emerald .tech-detail-header-title { font-size: 1.5rem !important; } }

/* Author boxes → light, flat */
.emerald .tech-author-box { background: var(--em-grey) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-radius: 6px !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
.emerald .tech-author-box:hover { background: #fff !important; border-color: var(--em-blue) !important; box-shadow: none !important; transform: none !important; }
.emerald .tech-author-avatar { background: rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .1) !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important; }

/* Abstract: plain, blue thin accent — no justify, SD reads left-aligned */
.emerald .tech-abstract-card {
	background: #fafafa !important; border: 0 !important; border-left: 3px solid var(--em-blue) !important;
	border-radius: 0 !important; color: var(--em-body) !important; text-align: left !important;
	padding: 1.1rem 1.4rem !important;
}

/* Keywords → light chips, blue text (not filled pills) */
.emerald .tech-keyword-tag {
	background: var(--em-grey) !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500 !important;
	border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-radius: 4px !important;
}
.emerald .tech-keyword-tag:hover { background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; transform: none !important; }

/* DOI pill → light neutral */
.emerald .tech-doi-pill { background: var(--em-grey) !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; }
.emerald .tech-doi-pill:hover { background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; }

/* References block → clean */
.emerald .tech-references-content { background: #fafafa !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-radius: 6px !important; color: var(--em-body) !important; }

/* Galley / PDF buttons → solid blue (no gradient) */
.emerald .btn-tech-pdf, .emerald .obj_galley_link, .emerald .pkp_structure_main .obj_galley_link {
	background: var(--em-blue) !important; background-image: none !important; box-shadow: none !important;
	border-radius: 6px !important; font-weight: 500 !important; color: #fff !important;
}
.emerald .btn-tech-pdf:hover, .emerald .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; filter: none !important; transform: none !important; color: #fff !important; }

/* ---- Sidebar / citation cards → clean bordered boxes with plain headers ---- */
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block,
.emerald .tech-widget-card,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-sticky .item.citation, .emerald .item.citation {
	background: #fff !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-top: 3px solid var(--em-orange) !important;
	border-radius: 8px !important; box-shadow: none !important; padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem !important;
	transition: none !important;
}
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block:hover, .emerald .tech-widget-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--em-shadow) !important; transform: none !important; }
/* card header bar: white with dark text + bottom rule (kill blue gradient + yellow icons) */
.emerald .tech-widget-card .tech-col-title,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block_title,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks h2:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks h3:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.emerald .item.citation .sub_item.citation_display h2.label, .emerald .item.citation h2.label {
	background: #fff !important; background-image: none !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important;
	text-transform: none !important; letter-spacing: 0 !important; font-weight: 700 !important; font-size: 1rem !important;
	margin: -1.1rem -1.15rem .9rem -1.15rem !important; padding: .75rem 1.15rem !important;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; box-shadow: none !important;
}
.emerald .tech-widget-card .tech-col-title i,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block_title i,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks h2:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks h3:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i { color: var(--em-orange) !important; }
/* citation format button + list → blue/neutral */
.emerald .item.citation .citation_formats_button { background: var(--em-grey) !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-radius: 6px !important; }
.emerald .item.citation .citation_formats_button:hover { background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .item.citation .citation_formats_styles li a:hover { background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; }

/* ---- Issue TOC / archive listing → SD-clean ---- */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc > .heading,
.emerald .technova .obj_issue_toc > .heading,
.emerald .technova .styled_section,
.emerald .technova .obj_issue_toc .sections > .section:has(table),
.emerald .technova .obj_issue_toc .styled_sections > .styled_section {
	background: #fff !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-left: 3px solid var(--em-orange) !important;
	border-radius: 8px !important; box-shadow: none !important;
}
/* section titles: dark text, orange bottom rule (no blue fill) */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .sections .section > h2,
.emerald .obj_issue_toc h2.title,
.emerald .section_title,
.emerald .technova .styled_section > .section_title,
.emerald .technova .styled_section > h2:first-child,
.emerald .technova .obj_issue_toc .sections > .section:has(table) > h2,
.emerald .technova .obj_issue_toc .styled_section > h2:first-child {
	color: var(--em-ink) !important; font-weight: 600 !important;
	border-bottom: 2px solid var(--em-orange) !important;
}
/* article titles in listings → blue links */
.emerald .article_item .title, .emerald .obj_article_summary .title a, .emerald .cmp_article_list .title a { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500 !important; }
.emerald .article_item .title:hover, .emerald .obj_article_summary .title a:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; }
/* stats tables: header blue → keep readable */
.emerald .cmp_article_list.articles table th, .emerald .sections .section table th { background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; }

/* ---- Global colour audit: neutralise any stray techy accents on content ---- */
.emerald .pkp_structure_main [style*="87f8ab"] { background: transparent !important; background-color: transparent !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main em, .emerald .pkp_structure_main i { color: inherit; }
/* the reused sidebar #a93317 menu icons were forced yellow by technova — make orange */
.emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] em, .emerald .tech-sidebar-blocks [style*="a93317"] i,
.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar [style*="a93317"] em, .emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar [style*="a93317"] i { color: #fff !important; }

/* =========================================================================
   ISSUE VIEW — ScienceDirect Volume TOC (gambar 1)
   Flatten the journal's card rows into clean SD list rows with thin dividers.
   ========================================================================= */
/* Issue header → open, borderless, light heading */
.emerald .tech-issue-header-card {
	background: transparent !important; border: 0 !important; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important;
	border-radius: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
}
.emerald .tech-issue-header-card .card-body { padding: 0 0 1.25rem !important; }
.emerald .tech-issue-header-card h1 { font-weight: 400 !important; font-size: 1.9rem !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important; }
.emerald .tech-issue-header-card .badge.bg-primary { background: rgba(var(--em-orange-rgb), .12) !important; color: var(--em-orange) !important; }
.emerald .tech-issue-header-card .badge.bg-primary i { color: var(--em-orange) !important; }

/* Section wrapper → no card, plain */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .styled_sections .styled_section,
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .sections .styled_section {
	background: transparent !important; border: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important;
	border-radius: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; padding: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
}
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .section_title,
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .styled_section > h2:first-child {
	color: var(--em-ink) !important; font-weight: 600 !important; font-size: 1.15rem !important;
	border-bottom: 2px solid var(--em-orange) !important; padding-bottom: .5rem !important; margin: 0 0 .5rem !important;
}

/* Article rows → flat with divider */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc ul.cmp_article_list { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .article_item {
	background: transparent !important; border: 0 !important; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important;
	border-radius: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 1rem 0 !important;
}
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .article_item:last-child { border-bottom: 0 !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .article_item:hover { transform: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-card {
	background: transparent !important; border: 0 !important; border-radius: 0 !important;
	box-shadow: none !important; padding: 0 !important;
}
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-card:hover { transform: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
/* declutter: hide per-article cover + view/download badges (SD rows are text) */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-cover-col { display: none !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-body-col .badge { display: none !important; }
/* section/type label → small grey */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-category {
	background: transparent !important; color: var(--em-muted) !important; border: 0 !important;
	padding: 0 !important; font-size: .8rem !important; font-weight: 600 !important; text-transform: none !important;
}
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-category i { color: var(--em-orange) !important; }
/* title → blue link, medium weight */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-title { margin: .15rem 0 .35rem !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-title a { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500 !important; font-size: 1.05rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-title a:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
/* authors → grey small */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-card-author-list { margin: 0 0 .35rem !important; font-size: .85rem !important; color: var(--em-body) !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-author-ico { color: var(--em-muted) !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-author-aff { color: var(--em-muted) !important; }
/* bottom row: no top rule, tidy */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .tech-article-body-col .border-top { border-top: 0 !important; padding-top: 0 !important; margin-top: .15rem !important; }
/* PDF galley in the list → SD "View PDF" text link (red icon), not a filled button */
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .btn-tech-pdf {
	background: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important;
	box-shadow: none !important; border: 0 !important; border-radius: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; font-weight: 600 !important;
}
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .btn-tech-pdf:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .obj_issue_toc .btn-tech-pdf i { color: #d0432b !important; }

/* =========================================================================
   ALL ISSUES — ScienceDirect accordion (gambar 2)
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-archive { padding: 2.5rem 0 3.5rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-heading { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-note { font-size: .95rem; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-arch-note a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-arch-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-arch-year { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-arch-year > summary {
	list-style: none; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
	padding: 1rem .25rem; font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--em-ink);
}
.emerald .em-arch-year > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.emerald .em-arch-year > summary:hover { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-arch-year > summary i { color: var(--em-muted); transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-arch-year[open] > summary i { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.emerald .em-arch-year-label { font-weight: 500; }
.emerald .em-arch-vols { padding: 0 .25rem 1.25rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-vol { display: block; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-arch-vol-t { display: block; color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 500; font-size: .98rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-vol:hover .em-arch-vol-t { color: var(--em-blue-dark); text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-arch-vol-d { display: block; color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .85rem; font-style: italic; margin-top: .1rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-pager { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-about { margin-top: 2.5rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-arch-about-h { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: .5rem 0; }
.emerald .em-arch-about p { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: .25rem 0; }
@media (max-width: 991px) { .emerald .em-arch-heading { font-size: 1.6rem; } }

/* =========================================================================
   ISSUE TOC — ScienceDirect Volume-TOC rows (gambar 2), theme-override markup
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-toc { max-width: 100%; }
.emerald .em-toc-bar { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: .5rem 0 .75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-bar-label { font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-fullissue { display: flex; gap: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-section { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-section-title {
	font-size: 1.02rem !important; font-weight: 600 !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important;
	background: var(--em-grey); border: 0 !important; border-radius: 4px; margin: 1.25rem 0 0 !important;
	padding: .7rem 1rem !important;
}
/* Row */
.emerald .em-toc-item { display: flex; gap: .85rem; padding: 1.15rem .25rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-toc-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-toc-check { flex: 0 0 auto; color: #b9b9b0; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.4; padding-top: .15rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-main { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
.emerald .em-toc-flag { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; font-size: .82rem; margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-type { color: var(--em-muted); font-weight: 500; }
.emerald .em-toc-sep { color: #c4c4bc; }
.emerald .em-toc-access { color: var(--em-muted); font-weight: 500; }
.emerald .em-toc-access.is-open { color: #1a7a3c; }
.emerald .em-toc-access.is-open i { color: #1a7a3c; }
.emerald .em-toc-title { margin: 0 0 .3rem !important; font-size: 1.05rem !important; font-weight: 500 !important; line-height: 1.4 !important; }
.emerald .em-toc-title a { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500 !important; }
.emerald .em-toc-title a:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-toc-authors { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--em-body); margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .3rem .9rem; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-meta span { position: relative; }
.emerald .em-toc-meta span + span::before { content: "·"; position: absolute; left: -.55rem; color: #c4c4bc; }
.emerald .em-toc-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 1.25rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-pdf, .emerald .em-toc-preview { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-size: .86rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-toc-pdf:hover, .emerald .em-toc-preview:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-toc-pdf i { color: #d0432b !important; font-size: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-preview { background: transparent; border: 0; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-toc-preview i { font-size: .8rem; transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-toc-preview.is-open i { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.emerald .em-toc-abslink i { font-size: .78rem; }
@media (max-width: 575px) { .emerald .em-toc-check { display: none; } }

/* Collapsible abstract preview (opened by the "Article preview" button) */
.emerald .em-toc-abstract {
	margin: .85rem 0 .25rem; padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; background: #fafafa;
	border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-left: 3px solid var(--em-blue); border-radius: 4px;
	font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--em-body);
}
.emerald .em-toc-abstract h4 { font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; color: var(--em-muted); margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-abstract p { margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.emerald .em-toc-abstract p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-toc-abstract-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; margin-top: .75rem; color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 600; font-size: .86rem; }

/* Homepage TOC bar is redundant under the section's own "Articles" heading */
.emerald.pkp_page_index .em-toc-bar { display: none; }

/* Tabs — button reset + panels */
.emerald .em-tab { background: transparent; border: 0; font-family: inherit; cursor: pointer; }
.emerald .em-tabpanel { animation: elsFade .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-tab-loading { padding: 2.5rem 1rem; color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .95rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; justify-content: center; }
.emerald .em-tab-loading i { animation: elsSpin 1s linear infinite; }
@keyframes elsFade { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }
@keyframes elsSpin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }

/* Authors Statistics table (issue view) */
.emerald .em-stats { margin-top: 2.5rem; }
.emerald .em-stats-top { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.emerald .em-stats-title { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 .75rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--em-orange); }
.emerald .em-stats-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .92rem; }
.emerald .em-stats-table th { background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; padding: .6rem .85rem; }
.emerald .em-stats-table th:last-child { text-align: center; width: 120px; }
.emerald .em-stats-table td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); padding: .55rem .85rem; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-stats-table td:last-child { text-align: center; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-stats-table tr:hover td { background: #fafafa; }

/* Archive: issue description under each volume */
.emerald .em-arch-vol-desc { margin-top: .4rem; font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-arch-vol-desc p { margin: 0 0 .4rem; }
.emerald .em-arch-vol-desc p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* =========================================================================
   STATIC / ABOUT PAGES — ScienceDirect open content (gambar 1)
   Remove the framed card; render clean open long-form content with the
   journal menu acting as the left section nav.
   ========================================================================= */
body.emerald .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home):not(.page_article),
body.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home):not(.page_article) {
	background: transparent !important; border: 0 !important; border-top: 0 !important;
	border-radius: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; padding: 0 !important;
}
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) > h1,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) .page_title { font-weight: 300 !important; font-size: 2.1rem !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important; margin: .5rem 0 2.25rem !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) > h1::after { display: none !important; }

/* gambar 1: more breathing room between the nav bar / menu and the page title */
.emerald .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main { padding-top: 3.25rem !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_main { padding-top: 3.25rem !important; }
/* sidebar menu starts near the top (SD-like), less gap above Make a Submission */
.emerald .pkp_structure_content:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) .pkp_structure_sidebar { padding-top: 1.75rem !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) h2 { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 2rem 0 .75rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) h3 { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 1.5rem 0 .5rem; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) p,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) li { line-height: 1.75; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1rem 0; font-size: .92rem; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) table th { background: var(--em-grey); color: var(--em-ink); text-align: left; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) table th, .emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container) table td { border: 1px solid var(--em-border); padding: .6rem .8rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   ARTICLE PAGE polish (gambar 3) — SD reading look
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald.pkp_page_article .tech-detail-header-title { font-size: 2.1rem !important; font-weight: 400 !important; line-height: 1.3 !important; }
.emerald.pkp_page_article .tech-abstract-card { background: #fafafa !important; border-left: 3px solid var(--em-blue) !important; border-radius: 0 !important; }
/* label an abstract section heading, SD-style */
.emerald.pkp_page_article .tech-article-detail-box h2,
.emerald.pkp_page_article .tech-article-detail-box h3 { font-weight: 600 !important; color: var(--em-ink) !important; }
.emerald.pkp_page_article .tech-keyword-tag { background: var(--em-grey) !important; color: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border) !important; border-radius: 4px !important; font-weight: 500 !important; }

/* =========================================================================
   SCIENCEDIRECT ARTICLE VIEW (theme-override markup .em-article)
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-article { max-width: 1320px; margin: 0 auto; }
/* top action bar */
.emerald .em-art-actionbar { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: .75rem; padding: 0 0 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-art-access { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff !important; font-weight: 500; padding: .6rem 1.4rem; border-radius: 4px; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-art-access:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark); color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-art-access i { color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-art-purchase { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; background: #fff; color: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-blue); font-weight: 500; padding: .6rem 1.4rem; border-radius: 4px; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-art-purchase:hover { background: #e7f2ef; color: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; }

/* 3-column grid */
.emerald .em-art-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr) 320px; gap: 2.5rem; align-items: start; }
@media (max-width: 1199px) { .emerald .em-art-grid { grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); } .emerald .em-art-rail { grid-column: 1 / -1; } }
@media (max-width: 767px) { .emerald .em-art-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .emerald .em-art-nav { display: none; } }

/* left nav */
.emerald .em-art-nav-inner { position: sticky; top: 84px; }
.emerald .em-art-nav-title { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 .75rem; }
.emerald .em-art-nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-nav li { margin: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-nav li a { display: block; padding: .4rem 0; color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .92rem; border-left: 2px solid transparent; padding-left: .75rem; }
.emerald .em-art-nav li a:hover { color: var(--em-blue-dark); border-left-color: var(--em-orange); text-decoration: none; }

/* centre */
.emerald .em-art-main { min-width: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-jhead { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-art-jhead-id { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .85rem; }
.emerald .em-art-jlogo { height: 46px; width: auto; }
.emerald .em-art-jtitle { font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink) !important; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.emerald .em-art-jvol { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-top: .15rem; }
.emerald .em-art-jvol a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-art-jcover { width: 54px; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 2px; }
.emerald .em-art-title { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1rem; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.emerald .em-art-subtitle { font-size: 1.2rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: -.5rem 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-authors { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--em-ink); margin-bottom: .5rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.emerald .em-art-author { }
.emerald .em-art-orcid { color: #a6ce39 !important; margin-left: .2rem; }
.emerald .em-art-showmore { background: none; border: 0; color: var(--em-blue); cursor: pointer; font: inherit; font-size: .9rem; padding: 0; margin-left: .5rem; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .25rem; }
.emerald .em-art-showmore i { font-size: .8rem; transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-art-showmore.is-open i { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.emerald .em-art-affs { background: var(--em-grey); border-radius: 6px; padding: 1rem 1.25rem; margin: .5rem 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-affs ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-affs li { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--em-body); margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.emerald .em-art-aff-name { font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-art-tools { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem; padding: .85rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-art-tool { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; }
.emerald .em-art-tool i { font-size: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-section { margin-bottom: 2rem; scroll-margin-top: 84px; }
.emerald .em-art-h { font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 .85rem; }
.emerald .em-art-abstract { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-art-abstract p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-keywords { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-art-kw { background: var(--em-grey); color: var(--em-blue) !important; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 4px; padding: .3rem .8rem; font-size: .88rem; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-art-kw:hover { background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff !important; }
/* references */
.emerald .em-art-refs { list-style: none; counter-reset: elsref; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-ref { position: relative; padding: .85rem 0 .85rem 2.4rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--em-body); counter-increment: elsref; }
.emerald .em-art-ref::before { content: counter(elsref) "."; position: absolute; left: 0; top: .85rem; color: var(--em-muted); font-weight: 600; }
.emerald .em-art-ref a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-art-morebtn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; margin-top: 1rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-blue); color: var(--em-blue); font: inherit; font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; padding: .55rem 1.1rem; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
.emerald .em-art-morebtn:hover { background: #e7f2ef; }
/* how-to-cite + license reuse existing .item.citation styles */
.emerald .em-art-license { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; background: var(--em-grey); border-radius: 6px; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-art-license .em-art-h { font-size: 1.05rem; }

/* right rail */
.emerald .em-art-rail-inner { position: sticky; top: 84px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.25rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-card { border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 .85rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-rail-pdf { display: grid; gap: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-metrics { display: flex; gap: 1rem; text-align: center; }
.emerald .em-rail-metrics > div { flex: 1; background: var(--em-grey); border-radius: 6px; padding: .75rem .5rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-metrics strong { display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .em-rail-metrics span { font-size: .78rem; color: var(--em-muted); text-transform: uppercase; }
.emerald .em-rail-dim { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; margin-top: 1rem; padding-top: .85rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-rail-dim-label { font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--em-muted); }
.emerald .em-rail-usage { margin-top: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-usage .usageStatsUnavailable { text-align: center; padding: .5rem 0; }
.emerald .em-rail-share { display: flex; gap: .6rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-share a { width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background: var(--em-grey); color: var(--em-ink); font-size: 1.1rem; }
.emerald .em-rail-share a:hover { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* =========================================================================
   ISSUE VIEW (theme-override issue.tpl) — consistent header + 2-col
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-issue-head { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: flex-start; padding-bottom: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-issue-cover img { width: 120px; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 2px; }
.emerald .em-issue-title { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.emerald .em-issue-date { color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .95rem; font-style: italic; margin-top: .35rem; }
.emerald .em-issue-doi { font-size: .85rem; margin-top: .25rem; color: var(--em-muted); }
.emerald .em-issue-doi a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-issue-desc { margin-top: .85rem; color: var(--em-body); line-height: 1.7; font-size: .95rem; }
.emerald .em-issue-grid.has-side { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 2.5rem; align-items: start; }
.emerald .em-issue-side .em-sidebar-blocks { position: sticky; top: 84px; }
@media (max-width: 991px) { .emerald .em-issue-grid.has-side { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .emerald .em-issue-head { flex-wrap: wrap; } }

/* =========================================================================
   SEARCH PAGE
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .page_search .search_input .query { width: 100%; height: 48px; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 6px; padding: 0 1rem; font-size: 1rem; }
.emerald .page_search .search_advanced { border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem; margin: 1.25rem 0; }
.emerald .page_search .search_advanced legend { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1rem; padding: 0 .5rem; width: auto; color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .page_search .search_advanced .label { font-weight: 500; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .search_results { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 1.5rem 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .search_results > li { list-style: none; }

/* =========================================================================
   GENERIC DEFAULT PAGES — forms, buttons, notifications, announcements
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .pkp_button,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main button.submit,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .cmp_form button[type="submit"],
.emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="submit"] {
	background: var(--em-blue) !important; color: #fff !important; border: 0 !important; border-radius: 6px !important;
	padding: .6rem 1.5rem !important; font-weight: 500 !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;
}
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .pkp_button:hover,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main button.submit:hover,
.emerald .pkp_structure_main input[type="submit"]:hover { background: var(--em-blue-dark) !important; color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main .cmp_form .fields > .field { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.emerald .pkp_structure_main label.label, .emerald .pkp_structure_main .cmp_form label { font-weight: 500; color: var(--em-ink); }

/* Notifications / alerts */
.emerald .cmp_notification, .emerald .pkp_notification {
	border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-left: 4px solid var(--em-blue); border-radius: 6px;
	background: #e7f2ef; padding: 1rem 1.25rem; color: var(--em-body); margin: 1rem 0;
}
.emerald .cmp_notification.notice { border-left-color: var(--em-blue); background: #e7f2ef; }
.emerald .cmp_notification.warning { border-left-color: var(--em-orange); background: var(--em-peach); }
.emerald .cmp_notification.error { border-left-color: #d0432b; background: #fdecea; }

/* Announcements */
.emerald .obj_announcement_summary { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); padding: 1.25rem 0; }
.emerald .obj_announcement_summary .title, .emerald .obj_announcement_summary .title a { color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.1rem; }
.emerald .obj_announcement_summary .date { color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .85rem; margin-bottom: .35rem; }
.emerald .obj_announcement_summary .description { color: var(--em-body); font-size: .93rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.emerald .obj_announcement_full .date { color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .9rem; }

/* Category / catalog browse */
.emerald .cmp_category_grid .obj_category_summary { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); padding: 1rem 0; }
.emerald .cmp_category_grid .title a { color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 500; }


/* =========================================================================
   EMERALD header (white utility bar + teal journal band) & footer band
   Overrides the cloned masthead/nav markup with Emerald Publishing layout.
   ========================================================================= */
/* Top utility bar */
.emerald .em-topbar { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-topbar-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.25rem; min-height: 56px; }
.emerald .em-corp-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.emerald .em-corp-brand img { max-height: 34px; width: auto; }
.emerald .em-corp-name { font-weight: 800; color: var(--em-orange); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.emerald .em-topbar-links { display: flex; gap: 1.4rem; margin-left: .75rem; }
.emerald .em-topbar-links a { color: var(--em-ink); font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-topbar-links a:hover { color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-topbar-right { margin-left: auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.2rem; }
.emerald .em-topbar-right a { color: var(--em-ink); font-size: .9rem; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; }
.emerald .em-topbar-right a:hover { color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-signin { font-weight: 600; }
.emerald .em-topbar-search { font-size: 1.05rem; }

/* Teal journal band */
.emerald .em-band { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1030; transition: box-shadow .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-band.is-stuck { box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.20); }
.emerald .em-band-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 66px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem 1rem; }
.emerald .em-band-title { color: #fff !important; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 400; margin-right: auto; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.emerald .em-band-title:hover { color: #fff !important; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-band-nav { display: flex !important; align-items: center; gap: .25rem; flex: 0 1 auto; }
.emerald .em-menu { display: flex; gap: .2rem; margin: 0; align-items: center; }
.emerald .em-menu > li { position: relative; }
.emerald .em-menu > li > a { display: block; padding: .55rem .9rem; color: #fff; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; border-radius: 4px; }
.emerald .em-menu > li > a:hover, .emerald .em-menu > li.current > a { background: rgba(255,255,255,.16); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-menu li ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: .4rem; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; min-width: 230px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: var(--em-shadow); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(8px); transition: all .18s ease; z-index: 100; }
.emerald .em-menu li:hover > ul { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0); }
.emerald .em-menu li ul li a { display: block; padding: .5rem .7rem; border-radius: 4px; color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 400; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-menu li ul li a:hover { background: rgba(var(--em-blue-rgb), .08); color: var(--em-blue); text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-band-search { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-left: .75rem; background: rgba(255,255,255,.16); border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; height: 38px; }
.emerald .em-band-search input { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; padding: 0 .8rem; outline: none; width: 170px; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-band-search input::placeholder { color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
.emerald .em-band-search button { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; width: 40px; height: 100%; cursor: pointer; }
.emerald .em-band .navbar-toggler-icon { filter: invert(1) brightness(2); }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
	.emerald .em-band-nav { flex-basis: 100%; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: .3rem; padding: .75rem 0; }
	.emerald .em-menu { flex-direction: column; }
	.emerald .em-menu li ul { position: static; opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; box-shadow: none; border: 0; padding-left: 1rem; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
	.emerald .em-menu li ul li a { color: #fff; }
	.emerald .em-band-search { margin-left: 0; }
	.emerald .em-band-search input { width: 100%; }
}

/* ---- Emerald footer band ---- */
.emerald .em-footer { border-top: 0; }
.emerald .em-foot-journal { background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; padding: 1.6rem 0 1.1rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-journal-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.emerald .em-foot-jlinks { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.5rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-foot-jlinks a { color: #fff; font-size: .92rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-jlinks a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-foot-jname { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; max-width: 300px; text-align: right; line-height: 1.25; }
.emerald .em-foot-issn { color: rgba(255,255,255,.92); font-size: .85rem; text-align: center; padding-top: 1rem; margin-top: .9rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); }
.emerald .em-footer-cols { background: var(--em-grey); padding: 2.5rem 0 2rem; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand img { max-height: 40px; width: auto; }
.emerald .em-foot-brand span { font-weight: 700; color: var(--em-ink); }

/* =========================================================================
   EMERALD issue-TOC rows (Abstract / View article / PDF / Add to Citation)
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-row { padding: 1.25rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-row:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-row-title { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0 0 .4rem; }
.emerald .em-row-title a { color: var(--em-ink) !important; }
.emerald .em-row-title a:hover { color: var(--em-blue) !important; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-row-oa { color: #d98200; margin-left: .4rem; font-size: .95rem; }
.emerald .em-row-authors { font-size: .92rem; margin-bottom: .35rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.emerald .em-row-author { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-row-author:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-row-sep { color: var(--em-muted); }
.emerald .em-row-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .3rem 1rem; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.emerald .em-row-meta span { position: relative; }
.emerald .em-row-meta span + span::before { content: "·"; position: absolute; left: -.6rem; color: #c4c9c7; }
.emerald .em-row-btns { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; }
.emerald .em-rbtn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-blue); color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 500; padding: .35rem .85rem; border-radius: 3px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease; }
.emerald .em-rbtn:hover { background: var(--em-blue); color: #fff !important; }
.emerald .em-rbtn i { font-size: .9rem; transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-rbtn[aria-expanded="true"] .bi-chevron-down { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.emerald .em-abs { margin: .9rem 0 .25rem; padding: 1rem 1.25rem; background: var(--em-grey); border-left: 3px solid var(--em-blue); border-radius: 3px; font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-abs h4 { font-size: .76rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; color: var(--em-muted); margin: 0 0 .5rem; font-weight: 700; }
.emerald .em-abs p { margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.emerald .em-abs p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-abs-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; margin-top: .65rem; color: var(--em-blue); font-weight: 600; font-size: .86rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   EMERALD article header type-label + structured abstract
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-art-type { font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .05em; color: var(--em-orange); margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.emerald .em-art-type-sep { color: var(--em-border); font-weight: 400; margin: 0 .25rem; }
.emerald .em-art-abstract p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-abstract p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-art-abstract strong { color: var(--em-ink); font-weight: 700; }
.emerald .em-art-abstract h2, .emerald .em-art-abstract h3, .emerald .em-art-abstract h4 { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 1.3rem 0 .4rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   EMERALD article header — Author & Article Information, meta bar, tool pills
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-art-authinfo { background: none; border: 0; color: var(--em-blue); cursor: pointer; font: inherit; font-size: .92rem; font-weight: 600; padding: 0; margin: .1rem 0 .85rem; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; }
.emerald .em-art-authinfo i { font-size: .8rem; transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-art-authinfo.is-open i.bi-plus-lg { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.emerald .em-art-metabar { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .3rem 1.2rem; font-size: .85rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-art-metabar a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-art-metadoi a { word-break: break-all; }
.emerald .em-art-tools { display: flex !important; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .6rem !important; padding: 0 !important; border: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 1.75rem !important; }
.emerald .em-art-tool { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 3px; padding: .45rem 1rem; color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease; }
.emerald .em-art-tool:hover { border-color: var(--em-blue); background: var(--em-peach); }
.emerald .em-art-tool .em-tool-caret { font-size: .72rem; color: var(--em-muted); }

/* =========================================================================
   EMERALD journal home (current issue + about, then 3-column area)
   ========================================================================= */
.emerald .em-jh { padding: 2.25rem 0 3.5rem; }
.emerald .em-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff !important; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; padding: .6rem 1.4rem; border-radius: 4px; text-decoration: none !important; border: 0; }
.emerald .em-btn:hover { background: var(--em-orange-dark); color: #fff !important; }

/* top */
.emerald .em-jh-top { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr; gap: 3rem; padding-bottom: 2.25rem; margin-bottom: 2.25rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-cover { width: 180px; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0,60,50,.12); }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-label { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--em-muted); font-weight: 700; margin-top: 1.1rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-id { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--em-ink); margin: .15rem 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-date { color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .9rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-btn { margin-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-prog { margin-top: 1.4rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .3rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-prog-h { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--em-muted); font-weight: 700; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-prog a { color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .92rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-h { font-size: 1.9rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 1rem; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body { color: var(--em-body); line-height: 1.75; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-btns { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; }

/* 3 columns */
.emerald .em-jh-cols { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; align-items: start; }
.emerald .em-jh-h { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-orange); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-h3 { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 0 0 .85rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-sub { font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); margin: 1.2rem 0 .3rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-list { padding-left: 1.1rem; margin: .3rem 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-list li { margin-bottom: .3rem; font-size: .93rem; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-jh-note { color: var(--em-muted); font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.emerald .em-jh-col p { font-size: .93rem; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .em-jh-col a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-jh-guide { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-link { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 600; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .3rem; text-decoration: none !important; }
.emerald .em-jh-link:hover { text-decoration: none !important; }

/* bordered boxes (middle + right) */
.emerald .em-jh-box { border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 4px; padding: 1.3rem 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-mid > .em-jh-box:first-child { border-color: var(--em-orange); border-top: 3px solid var(--em-orange); }
.emerald .em-jh-oa { padding: .85rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-jh-oa:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-oa-date { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--em-muted); margin-bottom: .25rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-oa-title { color: var(--em-blue) !important; font-weight: 500; display: block; margin-bottom: .25rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.emerald .em-jh-oa-title:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-jh-oa-auth { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--em-body); }

/* right rail */
.emerald .em-jh-glance ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-glance li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: .5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-glance li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-g-k { color: var(--em-muted); }
.emerald .em-jh-g-v { font-weight: 600; color: var(--em-ink); text-align: right; }
.emerald .em-jh-info-line { font-size: .9rem; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-tabs { border-bottom: 2px solid var(--em-orange); margin-bottom: .85rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-tab { display: inline-block; padding: .5rem 1rem; background: var(--em-orange); color: #fff; font-weight: 600; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-latest-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-latest-list li { padding: .6rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-jh-latest-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-latest-list a { color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.emerald .em-jh-alerts ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-alerts li { padding: .4rem 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-alerts a { color: var(--em-blue); font-size: .92rem; }

@media (max-width: 991px) {
	.emerald .em-jh-top { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
	.emerald .em-jh-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
}

/* journal-home polish: current-issue section labels + cover fallback */
.emerald .em-jh-oa-section { font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; color: var(--em-muted); margin: 1rem 0 .35rem; padding-bottom: .3rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .em-jh-oa-section:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-fallback { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 180px; height: 230px; background: var(--em-grey); border: 1px solid var(--em-border); color: var(--em-orange); font-size: 3rem; text-decoration: none; }
.emerald .em-jh-ci-fallback:hover { background: #eef4f2; }

/* journal-home About body: render the journal's description HTML cleanly */
.emerald .em-jh-about-body { color: var(--em-body); line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: .95rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body p { margin: 0 0 .8rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: .5rem 0 1rem; font-size: .9rem; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body table td, .emerald .em-jh-about-body table th { padding: .4rem .6rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--em-border); vertical-align: top; text-align: left; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body table td:first-child, .emerald .em-jh-about-body table th:first-child { color: var(--em-muted); white-space: nowrap; width: 160px; font-weight: 500; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

/* Article Share / Cite dropdowns */
.emerald .em-art-dd { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.emerald .em-art-dd .em-tool-caret { transition: transform .2s ease; }
.emerald .em-art-dd.is-open .em-tool-caret { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.emerald .em-art-dd.is-open > .em-art-tool { border-color: var(--em-blue); background: var(--em-peach); }
.emerald .em-art-dd-menu { position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 6px); left: 0; min-width: 230px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--em-border); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: var(--em-shadow); padding: .4rem; z-index: 200; display: none; }
.emerald .em-art-dd.is-open .em-art-dd-menu { display: block; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-menu a, .emerald .em-art-dd-menu button { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem; width: 100%; padding: .5rem .7rem; border-radius: 3px; color: var(--em-ink) !important; font-size: .9rem; text-decoration: none !important; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; font-family: inherit; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-menu a:hover, .emerald .em-art-dd-menu button:hover { background: var(--em-grey); color: var(--em-blue) !important; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-menu i { width: 18px; text-align: center; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-cite { min-width: 340px; max-width: 380px; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-cite-out { font-size: .82rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--em-body); padding: .6rem .7rem; background: var(--em-grey); border-radius: 3px; margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-cite-dl { border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); margin-top: .3rem; padding-top: .3rem; }
.emerald .em-art-dd-more { border-top: 1px solid var(--em-border); margin-top: .3rem; padding-top: .55rem !important; }

/* Editorial team list polish (works for simple + photo layouts) */
.emerald .editorial-list ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.emerald .editorial-list li { margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--em-body); }
.emerald .editorial-list li strong { color: var(--em-ink); }
.emerald .editorial-list a, .emerald .team-content a, .emerald .team-aff a { color: var(--em-blue); }
.emerald .editorial-list .img-profile { border: 1px solid var(--em-border); }
.emerald .team-content { color: var(--em-body); }

/* ===== Emerald mobile polish ===== */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
	.emerald .em-container { padding-left: 16px !important; padding-right: 16px !important; }
	.emerald .em-band-title { font-size: 1.3rem; }
	.emerald .em-jh-about-h { font-size: 1.5rem; }
	.emerald .em-jh-h, .emerald .em-h2, .emerald .els-h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; }
	.emerald .em-art-title, .emerald .tech-detail-header-title { font-size: 1.5rem !important; }
	.emerald .em-stats-table, .emerald .pkp_structure_main table { display: block; overflow-x: auto; max-width: 100%; }
	.emerald .em-row-btns { gap: .4rem; }
	.emerald .em-art-dd-menu, .emerald .em-art-dd-cite { min-width: 240px; max-width: 84vw; }
}

/* mobile: let the hamburger actually collapse the nav */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
	.emerald .em-band-nav:not(.show) { display: none !important; }
	.emerald .em-band-nav.show { display: flex !important; }
}

/* ===== Global: no underline on any link (all states) ===== */
body.emerald a, body.emerald a:hover, body.emerald a:focus, body.emerald a:active { text-decoration: none !important; }
/* ===== FLAT / BORDERLESS — remove separator & frame borders theme-wide ===== */
body.emerald .pkp_structure_page, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar, body.emerald .pkp_structure_main { border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
body.emerald .pkp_structure_main:before, body.emerald .pkp_structure_main:after, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content:before, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content:after { display: none !important; content: none !important; border: 0 !important; }
body.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.container):not(.technova-home), body.emerald .pkp_structure_main > .container:not(.technova-home) { border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
body.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar, body.emerald .pkp_structure_sidebar.left, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar > .pkp_structure_main, body.emerald .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar > .pkp_structure_sidebar { border-left: 0 !important; border-right: 0 !important; }
body.emerald .em-topbar, body.emerald .em-nav, body.emerald .em-subnav, body.emerald .em-masthead, body.emerald .em-footer, body.emerald .em-footer-bar, body.emerald .em-footer-sub { border-top: 0 !important; border-bottom: 0 !important; }

/* Article page: menu is already rendered inside the article's right rail
   (via Templates::Common::Sidebar), so hide the duplicate standalone
   OJS page sidebar to avoid the menu appearing twice. */
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_sidebar,
body.emerald.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar > .pkp_structure_sidebar { display: none !important; }

/* Journal Summary (About) rendered as rich HTML: tidy legacy tables + center SINTA widget */
.emerald .em-jh-about-body table, .emerald .em-jh-about-body table td, .emerald .em-jh-about-body table th { background: transparent !important; }
.emerald .em-jh-about-body p:has(> a > img), .emerald .em-jh-about-body p:has(> img) { text-align: center; }