Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)

Abstract

The rapid expansion of internet connectivity and mobile technologies has positioned digital banking as a core platform for financial transactions globally. In Ethiopia, regulatory reforms and national initiatives such as Digital Ethiopia 2025 and the National Financial Inclusion Strategy have accelerated adoption. However, empirical research on digital banking utilization remains limited. This study aims to examine the key factors influencing digital banking adoption in Addis Ababa using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2).

The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Primary data were collected through a structured survey administered to 405 digital banking users in Addis Ababa. The UTAUT2 framework guided the model specification, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships between adoption determinants and digital banking utilization.
The results indicate that facilitating conditions and price value are the strongest predictors of digital banking adoption, highlighting the importance of infrastructure readiness and affordability. Performance expectancy and social influence also have a significant positive effect on usage behavior, suggesting that perceived usefulness and normative pressures play an important role. In contrast, effort expectancy was found to be insignificant, implying that ease of use is no longer a critical barrier for urban users.
The study extends by contextualizing the UTAUT2 model within Ethiopia’s emerging digital banking environment. It provides empirical evidence practical insights for policymakers, banks, and technology providers aiming to strengthen digital financial inclusion and accelerate the transition toward cashless financial services.

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of employee loyalty programs on retention rates and satisfaction within Nepali life insurance companies, with a particular focus on reward fairness, financial implications, and personalized incentives. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and analytical research design was employed, involving a sample of 384 employees. Data was collected through Likert scale questionnaires, assessing financial rewards, personalized incentives, and perceptions of fairness. The findings reveal that financial rewards and personalized incentives significantly enhance employee satisfaction and retention. While fairness in reward distribution improves satisfaction, it does not directly influence retention, indicating that other factors contribute to employee longevity. The study emphasizes the importance of financial rewards and personalized engagement strategies in loyalty programs and suggests that while fairness promotes satisfaction, it does not have a direct effect on retention. The research contributes to the understanding of loyalty programs in Nepali life insurance companies and highlights the need for further exploration into how various rewards and fairness perceptions impact employees differently.

Abstract

 In this paper  we develop a cost model  using real suscriber  density per sqKm of coverage, that  regulator can use to adjust the mobile termination  rate.  Theoritical model suggest that the values of  adjusting cost series  are 21% higher than the values estimated by debbichi,S ., and al .(2013) . Econometric model  looking to explore the effect of suscriber density per sqKm and the sum of inbound and outbound  voice traffic on adjusting cost during the period (2003-2023). Results show that suscriber density per sqKm affect negatively the adjusted Cost, but a positive effect of voice traffic.

Abstract

The role of governance in promoting economic growth has been strongly demonstrated in contemporary literature. To this end, several studies argue that economic complexity helps to explain the global distribution of long-term economic growth. This study examines the effect of governance on economic complexity in 29 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2002-2019. We construct four composite governance indices based on principal component analysis. The results provide strong evidence of a positive relationship between governance and economic complexity. To this end, we identify human capital, foreign direct investment, and innovations as transmission channels through which governance promotes economic complexity. Thus, in order to highlight the effects of governance for better economic complexity, Sub-Saharan African countries should develop better institutions that can improve the quality of governance by giving pride of place to human capital, FDI and innovations; the main consequence of which would be to improve economic growth.