Quantitative Economics and Management Studies
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023), Pages 261-277 · 2023-04-30
Articles | 2023-04-30
The Impact of Transjakarta Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Operationalization on Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate in DKI Jakarta Province
- Rico Bagus Satrio — Faculty of Economics and Business, Padjadjaran University Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia
- Achmad Kemal Hidayat — Faculty of Economics and Business, Padjadjaran University Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia
- Amelia Hayati — Faculty of Economics and Business, Padjadjaran University Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia
- Publication History
- Published online: April 30, 2023
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems1522
Abstract
Special Capital District Jakarta province is one of the most populous cities in Indonesia. People commute every day mostly by using private vehicles to meet their needs. Somehow another alternative comes as one of the longest lengths of BRT track in the world, operationalization of the Transjakarta BRT is expected to be able to contribute to economic growth and improve people's accessibility so that it could reduce the unemployment rate. This paper aims to determine the magnitude of BRT operationalization on economic growth and the unemployment rate in Jakarta. This paper used panel data consisting of 5 cities in Jakarta during 2016-2021. 2 Stage Least Square is being used as a methodology that estimates endogenous & predetermined variables. Secondary data used consist of economic growth, the unemployment rate as the endogenous and BRT kilometer traveled private vehicle units, stock capital growth, and the number of the labor force as the predetermined ones. The findings in this study indicate that the operationalization of BRT contributes 0,01577231 to economic growth and decreases 0,00120415 the employment rate in Jakarta at the significance level of 5% ceteris paribus. It suggests that in the long-run BRT, operationalization plays an important role in the transportation economic sector in Jakarta
Keywords
References (45)
- Anas, R., Tamin, O. Z., & Wibowo, S. S. (2015). Applying input-output model to estimate the broader economic benefits of Cipularang Tollroad Investment to Bandung District. Procedia Engineering, 125, 489–497.
- Ansar, A., Flyvbjerg, B., Budzier, A., & Lunn, D. (2016). Does infrastructure investment lead to economic growth or economic fragility? Evidence from China. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32(3), 360–390.
- Bappenas. (2007). Rugi Akibat Macet Capai 43 Trilyun. Available at: Www.Bappenas.Go.Id. Www.Bappenas.Go.Id
- Bappenas. (2017). Bappenas: Kerugian akibat Macet Jakarta Rp 67 Triliun Per Tahun. 2017. Www.Bappenas.Go.Id.
- Baum-Snow, N., & Kahn, M. E. (2000). The effects of new public projects to expand urban rail transit. Journal of Public Economics, 77(2), 241–263.
- Bent, E. M., Hiatt, R., & Singa, K. (2008). Full-featured bus rapid transit in San Francisco, California: Toward a comprehensive planning approach and evaluation framework. Transportation Research Record, 2072(1), 89–100.
- Brandtner, C., Lunn, A., & Young, C. (2019). Spatial mismatch and youth unemployment in US cities: public transportation as a labor market institution. Socio-Economic Review, 17(2), 357–379.
- Currie, G. (2005). The demand performance of bus rapid transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 8(1), 41–55.
- Diao, M., Fan, Y., & Sing, T. F. (2017). A new mass rapid transit (MRT) line construction and housing wealth: Evidence from the circle line. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development (2017), 1, 1–64.
- Fan, Y., Guthrie, A., & Levinson, D. (2012). Impact of light-rail implementation on labor market accessibility: A transportation equity perspective. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 5(3), 28–39.
- Farber, H. S. (2015). Job loss in the Great Recession and its aftermath: US evidence from the displaced workers survey. National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Fouracre, P., Dunkerley, C., & Gardner, G. (2003). Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world. Transport Reviews, 23(3), 299–310.
- Gaduh, A., Gracner, T., & Rothenberg, A. D. (2017). Improving mobility in developing country cities: Evaluating bus rapid transit and other policies in Jakarta. Unpublished Paper. Rand Corporation.
- Harmadi, S. H. B., Yudisthira, M. H., & Koesrindartono, D. P. (2015). How does congestion matter for Jakarta�s citizens. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 30(3), 220–238.
- Holmes, M. J., & Silverstone, B. (2006). Okun’s law, asymmetries and jobless recoveries in the United States: A Markov-switching approach. Economics Letters, 92(2), 293–299.
- Hussein, A. S. (2015). Penelitian Bisnis dan Manajemen Menggunakan Partial Least Squares dengan SmartPLS 3.0. Universitas Brawijaya, 1, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023202519395
- Jakarta, B. P. S. P. D. (2020). Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis Kendaraan (unit) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2018-2020. Jakarta.Bps.Go.Id. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/indicator/17/786/1/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor-menurut-jenis-kendaraan-unit-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta.html
- Kain, J. F. (1968). Housing segregation, negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82(2), 175–197.
- Kogdenko, N. (2011). Successfulness of bus rapid transit systems in Asia: Ex-post evaluation. Library Report.
- Kvalseth, J. O. (1977). A note on the effects of population density and unemployment on urban crime. Criminology, 15(1), 105–110.
- Lee, J. (2000). The robustness of Okun’s law: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of Macroeconomics, 22(2), 331–356.
- Leontief, W. W. (1936). The fundamental assumption of Mr. Keynes’ monetary theory of unemployment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 51(1), 192–197.
- Lin, X. (2020). Multiple pathways of transportation investment to promote economic growth in China: a structural equation modeling perspective. Transportation Letters, 12(7), 471–482.
- Maisaroh, M., & Risyanto, H. (2018). Pengaruh Investasi, Pengeluaran Pemerintah Dan Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pdrb Provinsi Banten. EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 1(2), 206–221.
- Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of economics. Cengage Learning.
- Maryaningsih, N., Hermansyah, O., & Savitri, M. (2014). Pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 17(1), 62–98.
- McGreevy, M. (2021). Cost, reliability, convenience, equity or image? The cases for and against the introduction of light rail and bus rapid transit in inners suburban Adelaide, South Australia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(1), 271–279.
- Metrolinx. (2008). Metrolinx Costs of Road Congestion in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area: Impact and Cost Benefit Analysis of the Metrolinx Draft Regional Transportation Plan Final Report. https://www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/costsofcongestion/ISP_08015_Cost_of_Congestion_report_1128081.pdf
- Muneera, C. P., & Krishnamurthy, K. (2020). Economic evaluation of traffic congestion at intersection: case study from an Indian City. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 1766–1777.
- Nelson, A. C., & Hibberd, R. (2019). Express busways and economic development: Case study of the Miami-Dade South Express Busway. Research in Transportation Economics, 77, 100731.
- Okun, A. M. (1963). Potential GNP: its measurement and significance. Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University.
- Porter, D. C., & Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
- Reid, E., & Robert, C. (2017). �Does Compact Development Make People Drive Less?�The Answer Is Yes. Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(1), 19–25.
- Romhadhoni, P., Faizah, D. Z., & Afifah, N. (2019). Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Daerah terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Matematika Integratif, 14(2), 113.
- Saidi, S., Shahbaz, M., & Akhtar, P. (2018). The long-run relationships between transport energy consumption, transport infrastructure, and economic growth in MENA countries. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 111, 78–95.
- Sato, R. (1964). The Harrod-Domar model vs the Neo-Classical growth model. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 380–387.
- Snowdon, B. (2006). The enduring elixir of economic growth. World Economics, 7(1), 73–130.
- Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
- Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 312–320.
- Soylu, Ö. B., Çakmak, İ., & Okur, F. (2018). Economic growth and unemployment issue: Panel data analysis in Eastern European Countries.
- Statistik, B. P. (2022). Definisi Variabel Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. SiRuSa. Https://Sirusa.Bps.Go.Id/. https://sirusa.bps.go.id/sirusa/index.php/variabel/1435
- Weisbrod, G., Vary, D., & Treyz, G. (2003). Measuring economic costs of urban traffic congestion to business. Transportation Research Record, 1839(1), 98–106.
- Yi, C. (2006). Impact of public transit on employment status: Disaggregate analysis of Houston, Texas. Transportation Research Record, 1986(1), 137–144.
- Zenou, Y. (2000). Urban unemployment, agglomeration and transportation policies. Journal of Public Economics, 77(1), 97–133.
- Zhang, M., Yen, B. T. H., Mulley, C., & Sipe, N. (2020). An investigation of the open-system Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network and property values: The case of Brisbane, Australia. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 16–34.
How to Cite
Satrio, R. B., Hidayat, A. K., & Hayati, A. . (2023). The Impact of Transjakarta Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Operationalization on Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate in DKI Jakarta Province. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 4(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems1522
