Development of Bulletin-Integrated Character Education (BICE) Media to Enhance and Assess Scientific Literacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci4594Keywords:
Scientific literacy; Problem-based learning; Character education; Instructional media development; Hannafin and Peck model.Abstract
In higher education, scientific literacy is still a significant difficulty, especially when instruction focuses on procedural knowledge without including moral principles. The purpose of this study was to create and examine Bulletin-Integrated Character Education (BICE) as a teaching tool to improve and gauge students' scientific literacy. The requirement for educational materials that simultaneously promote character development and higher-order thinking makes this research urgent. In order to produce verified educational media, this study used a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the Hannafin and Peck paradigm. According to expert validation, the BICE media was highly reliable (Cronbach's ? = 0.88–0.92) and valid (CVI = 0.92–0.95). Strong dependability was also shown by the scientific literacy test (? = 0.92). Students who were taught PBL–BICE fared better than those who were taught PBL alone, according to inferential analysis, with a significant effect size (d = 1.12). Conceptual literacy was a strong predictor of multidimensional literacy, according to correlation and regression analyses (r = 0.71; ? = 0.48). These results suggest that in order to foster advanced scientific literacy in higher education, character-based media should be incorporated into problem-based learning.
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References
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Andrews, T. (2021). Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and the OECD PISA Global Competence Framework. Journal of Research in International Education, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/14752409211032525
Applying The Hannafin-Peck Model In ELearning, eFront Blog (2016).
Aquino, J., Caingcoy, W., Zamora, R., & Diquito, T. J. (2025). Scientific Literacy Assessment Using Bybee’s Scientific Model: Towards a More Sustainable Science Education. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.69739/jahss.v2i1.207
Ardi, Lufri, Amran, A., Kosasih, A., & Hervi, F. (2024). The effect of Islam and science integration implementing on science learning in Indonesia: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education , 13(4). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i4.27632
Asghar, M. Z., Rasool, S. F., Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P., Arif, S., & Bano, S. (2023). Integrating the technology acceptance model for social media-based learning with authentic leadership development: symmetric and asymmetric modeling. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1131133
Baltikian, M., Kärkkäinen, S., & Kukkonen, J. (2024). Assessment of scientific literacy levels among secondary school students in Lebanon: Exploring gender-based differences. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/14279
BHOI, S., & -, Dr. P. B. B. (2025). Fostering sustainability through scientific literacy. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.56315
Bybee, R., McCrae, B., & Laurie, R. (2009). PISA 2006: An assessment of scientific literacy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20333
Chan, A. Y. W., & Sung, C. C. M. (2025). Enhancing students’ digital literacy skills through their technology use in a course-based research project: a Hong Kong case study. Asia Pacific Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-025-10038-1
El Bahri, N., Itahriouan, Z., Abtoy, A., & Ouazzani Jamil, M. (2024). Personality Analysis of Students’ Writing in Social Media-Based Learning Environments. IEEE Access, 12. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3491934
Fleischmann, M., Hübner, N., Nagengast, B., & Trautwein, U. (2023). The dark side of detracking: Mixed-ability classrooms negatively affect the academic self-concept of students with low academic achievement. Learning and Instruction, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101753
Guan, D., Zhang, S., Sun, J., & He, E. (2025). How to breakthrough disparities in scientific literacy of different family background: The mediating role of self-directed learning efficacy and the moderating role of family support. Acta Psychologica, 261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105817
Guerrero, G., & Sjöström, J. (2025). Critical scientific and environmental literacies: a systematic and critical review. In Studies in Science Education (Vol. 61, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/03057267.2024.2344988
Gumbi, N. M., Sibaya, D., & Chibisa, A. (2024). Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on the Integration of Digital Game-Based Learning for Sustainable STEM Education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031314
Haddy, M. S., Zacky, M., Shodiq, S. I., & Kusniyanto, R. (2025). Digital Literacy Boosts Students English Achievement. International Journal of Innovation Research in Education, 2(2).
Holland, W. H., Powell, R. B., Holland, K. K., Garst, B. A., Baldwin, E. D., & Quigley, C. F. (2024). The influence of experiential wilderness-based professional-development on educator character and practices. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42322-023-00124-6
Jahanbakhsh, A. A., Banitalebi, Z., Larson-Hall, J., & Shiiba, A. (2025). Methodological rigor in quantitative L2 research: A focus on interventionist experimental studies. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2025.100273
Khery, Y., Sarjan, M., Ahzan, S., & Efendi, I. (2022). Konseptualisasi Literasi Sains Mengacu pada Kerangka Sains Pisa Sejak Tahun 2000. Educatoria?: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.36312/ejiip.v2i4.117
Li, L., Chu, Z. W., Zong, B. B., Zeng, Z. Y., Zeng, Y. H., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Cultivating grit among college students: a comparative study between traditional physical education and outdoor education. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1485208
McCrudden, M. T., Bowman, M., & Oaxaca, G. S. C. (2025). Reporting of Methodological Rigor in Empirical Mixed Methods Research in Educational Psychology. In Educational Psychology Review (Vol. 37, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10090-8
Molares Cardoso, J., Badenes Plá, V., & Maiz Bar, C. (2025). Creativity in the digital era: a comparison between human and AI evaluation in graphic design processes. Revista de Comunicacion, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.26441/RC24.2-2025-3963
Neuman, J., Ina, E. A., Huq, S. O., Blanca, A., & Petrosky, S. N. (2024). Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effect of Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Factors on Medical Students’ Academic Achievement. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.56343
Nóvoa, A. (2024). Renewing the social contract for education: A personal point of view on the UNESCO report. Prospects, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-023-09659-4
Nur Azizah, R., Nugraha, M. S., Dedih, U., & Diana, A. (2025). ANALYSIS OF THE HANNAFIN AND PECK INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING. INTIHA: Islamic Education Journal, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.58988/intiha.v2i3.351
Podgornik, B. B., Dolni?ar, D., & Glažar, S. A. (2017). Does the information literacy of university students depend on their scientific literacy? Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00762a
Pradana, D. A., Mahfud, M., Hermawan, C., & Susanti, H. D. (2021). Nasionalism: Character Education Orientation in Learning Development. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i4.1501
Rao, G. R. (2025). MRS Bulletin and the evolution of materials research over 50 years. In MRS Bulletin (Vol. 50, Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-025-01019-1
Romeiro, V., Fegadolli, C., Reis, R., Andrade, V., Conacci, B., Bullinger, M., & Santos, C. (2019). PRO Assessment in Brazil-a scoping review on the adoption of the DISABKIDS methodology for translation and validation of PROs instruments. Quality of Life Research, 28(SUPPL 1).
Roy, G., Sikder, S., & Danaia, L. (2025). Adopting scientific literacy in early years from empirical studies on formal education: a systematic review of the literature. In International Journal of STEM Education (Vol. 12, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00547-1
Ruslan, Z. A., & Agus, J. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Kimia Mahasiswa melalui Pemberian Soal Berbasis Kontekstual. Chemistry Education Review (CER), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.26858/cer.v7i2.59736
Seban, D., Ar?kan, B., & Aslan, A. (2025). Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Entertainment-oriented Media Literacy and Critical Literacy Skills for Internet. Kuramsal E?itimbilim, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1653565
Sianipar, A. D. S., Suyanti, R. D., & Rajagukguk, W. (2025). Development of IPAS worksheets using augmented reality to enhance critical thinking skills. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(3).
Sidik, G. S., Nur Anisa, S., Fatimah Zahrah, R., Fitri Apriani, I., Jenal Mutaqin, E., & Komalasari, E. (2025). Learning Obstacles Faced by Elementary Students in Solving Mathematical Problems on Rectangles and Squares. IJORER?: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v6i4.923
Silitonga, R. F. (2025). Level of Scientific Literacy in Junior High School Students: Survey Research Based on Grade Level. Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/jese.v5i1.2757
Syahidi, K., Jufri, A. W., Doyan, A., Kosim, K., Rokhmat, J., & Sukarso, A. (2023). Penguatan Literasi Sains dan Pendidikan Karakter pada Pembelajaran IPA Abad 21. Kappa Journal, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v7i3.25036
Tai, H. C. (2025). The Academic Map of Social Emotional Learning: Research Trends, Hotspots, and Future Prospects. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 70(3). https://doi.org/10.6209/JORIES.202509_70(3).0007
Wehn, U., Ajates, R., Mandeville, C., Somerwill, L., Kragh, G., & Haklay, M. (2024). Opening science to society: how to progress societal engagement into (open) science policies. Royal Society Open Science, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231309
Whitney-Smith, R. M. (2023). The emergence of computational thinking in national mathematics curricula: An Australian example. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202318520
Widana, I. W. (2025). META-ANALYSIS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL REASONING. Education. Innovation. Diversity, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.17770/eid2022.1.6739
Wöhrle, M. L., Street, A., & Kersaudy-Kerhoas, M. (2025). WHO Bulletin – Supplementary Information Material usage in commercial lateral flow assay kits Marie-Louise Wöhrle. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
Wright, B., & Ubic, R. (2025). Corrigendum to “Empirical models for predicting cubic/pseudocubic lattice parameters of perovskites” [Materials Research Bulletin, 185(2025), 113318] (Materials Research Bulletin (2025) 185, (S0025540825000261), (10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113318)). In Materials Research Bulletin (Vol. 189). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113457
Yang, S. Y., Lin, P. H., & Chen, C. M. (2025). Application of Diverse Teaching Strategies in Aging Education Courses to Enhance Caregiving Competence. Education Sciences, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040401
Yani T., A., & Oikawa, S. (2019). Increasing Creative and Innovative Thinking Ability through The Strengthening of Character Education in Probability Theory Course. JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v4i1.990
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2026-04-30
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Azzajjad, M. F., Diah, A. W. M. ., Afadil, Rahmawati, S., Astija, & Ahmar, D. S. . (2026). Development of Bulletin-Integrated Character Education (BICE) Media to Enhance and Assess Scientific Literacy. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, 8(1), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci4594
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fath Azzajjad, Anang Wahid M. Diah, Afadil, Sitti Rahmawati, Astija, Dewi Satria Ahmar (Author)
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